Taoism And Confucianism - 978 Words

When the government structure in China fell apart creating chaos emerged two major religions, Taoism and Confucianism. These two roles played a big part during this time to get things back in order. The difference between both religions is how they believed the structure should be. Taoism was not into much of the government. They believe the least the government the better. Lao-tzu who is the founder of Taoism is known for saying â€Å"Govern a great nation as you would cook a small fish† – do not overdo it (p. 180). By doing so, they will live a simple quiet life. In Confucianism, their belief is much different. The Confucians believe in a big government with an order. Confucius, the founder of Confucianism, believed if society lived by â€Å"Li†,†¦show more content†¦As an infant, his parents sent him into the sea for safety. He was rescued by the daughter of the pharaoh of Egypt (p. 245). The difference with Moses was raised in a royal family not born into one. This stood out to me for the fact that both came from different classes of a family with a purpose in life. It shows you do not have to be wealthy to have a purpose in life. Another thing both Moses and Zoroaster had in common was they were both called by God at an older age to find out their purpose in life. At a crucial time in Zoroaster’s life, he had a vision of Vohu Mana an archangel who appeared in the size of a man. He was told there is only â€Å"one true God, Ahura Mazda† and he would become a prophet. This archangel continued to appear to Zoroaster several more times as he continued to preach the revelation of Ahura Mazda (p. 227). Like Zoroaster, Moses was in a crucial part in his life after being exiled to the Sinai Desert for killing an Egyptian in self-defense when the God of Abraham appeared to him. The difference is God revealed himself to Moses speaking through a burning bush. God commanded Moses to return to Egypt and free the Israelites from slavery. God continued guiding Moses to freedom. This stood out to me because I am familiar with this story and learned more about it. Finally, there are the beliefs of the souls after death. Both Zoroastrianism and Judaism believe the souls go to a place after they leave the body.Show MoreRelatedConfucianism : Taoism, Confucianism, And Confucianism1156 Words   |  5 PagesRaymond Cho EALC 350 October 29, 2014 Professor Birge Which philosophy: Taoism, Confucianism, or Legalism would be best in your opinion for maintaining a peaceful society? Why? Perhaps there is no single philosophy that can create a truly peaceful society. The conundrum of choosing a philosophy to embody a peaceful society is rather complicated, as the ideologies of the philosophies often differ greatly from their real world application. Debates over ideologies can create global scale problemsRead MoreConfucianism, Taoism, And Confucianism1277 Words   |  6 Pagesphilosophies: Confucianism, Taoism, and Legalism. These beliefs helped shape Chinese culture as well as Chinese history. Not only did people believe in these ideas, but the three helped to govern the mighty Chinese dynasties. These dynasties all provided an impact to each doctrine; the philosophy that had the greatest impact was legalism because it ended the Warring States Period, provided structure, and strengthened agriculture, and the military of China. Although Confucianism, Taoism and LegalismRead MoreTaoism, Confucianism, And Buddhism Essay1712 Words   |  7 PagesTaoism is a religious , philosophical and ritual tradition originating in around the 3rd or 4th century. I plan to pursue how the religion was affected by the culture in which it arose. Specifically focusing on the fact that there are no real deities in Taoism. How Taoism, or Daoism, was shaped and influenced by Chinese culture, as well as presenting how Daoism has formed and prospered in Chinese civilization with both Confucianism and Buddhism as an influence. The teachings of the Dao De Jin, orRead MoreConfucianism Vs Taoism1378 Words   |  6 Pages Confucianism and Taoism are some of the major religions in China. They have greatly influenced the culture of the Chinese people as well as their world view. The connection between the two religions has influenced many people over time. It can also be said that when the principles of both philosophies are put together, the outcome is a well-rounded person. The following is a discussion of the principles and philosophies behind these two religions as well as how the two religions interact and connectRead MoreConfucianism and Taoism Essay982 Words   |  4 Pages Confucianism and Daoism are two influential schools of thoughts that have existed in ancient China around the 6th century BCE. The former, led by the politician and philosopher Confucius, proposed that humans live in society according to a set of predefined rules and that they transform society through political action. Whereas the latter, led by the philosopher Lao-Tzu, promoted the idea of inaction; people should go with the flow instead of taking action to control their lives and dominate theirRead MoreConfucianism, Taoism, And Buddhism1604 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction There were numerous religions that were rehearsed among the general population of central Asia back in the early second and third hundreds of years and forward. Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism were among the principle three religions rehearsed then. Buddhism has been around since 273 B.C. It started out in India and went into central Asia and proceeded into Korea and Japan getting to be one of the actual religions in all of imperative China. By the ninth century, 9-tenths of theRead MoreEssay on Comparison of Taoism and Confucianism1153 Words   |  5 PagesConfucianism and Taoism have contrasting views on both religion and politics. However, they stem from a similar goal and have similar beliefs. Confucianism is mainly centered around virtue and ethics as a means to an ordered society and believes that an ordered society is what people should strive for. Taoism, on the other hand, focuses on the individual life in relation to the Tao, or way of nature. Both are considered phi losophies and not religions and acknowledge a path that a person shouldRead MoreConfucianism, Taoism, And Buddhism1771 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction There were numerous religions that were rehearsed among the general population of central Asia back in the early second and third hundreds of years and forward. Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism were among the principle three religions rehearsed then. Buddhism has been around since 273 B.C. It began in India and went into central Asia and proceeded into Korea and Japan getting to be one of the real religions in all of central China. By the ninth century nine-tenths of the populaceRead MoreSimilarities Between Confucianism And Taoism902 Words   |  4 PagesThe religions, Confucianism and Taoism, both originate from indigenous Chinese beliefs and practices. Although they come from the same area in the world, they have several differences alongside their similarities. Additionally, they both are influenced by the Tao; however, they have different meanings behind the concept. Taoism can be summed up as appreciating all that is natural; whereas Confucianism is ideal society model cre ated through a lifetime of relationship dedication. Neither of theseRead MoreEssay on Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism1038 Words   |  5 PagesConfucianism, Taoism and Buddhism constitute the essence of the traditional Chinese culture. The relationship among the three has been marked by both competition and complementation in history, with Confucianism playing a more dominant role. Confucianism emphasized a reiteration of current moral values and Taoism developed a system of based upon a harmonization of man with the natural order. These two popular philosophies, however, developed into popular religions eventually. Besides the major religions

Pharmacokinetic Changes What The Body Does To The Drug Term Paper

Essays on Pharmacokinetic Changes: What The Body Does To The Drug Term Paper Pharmacokinetic changes: what the body does to the drug Pharmacokinetic changes: what the body does to the drug Pharmacokinetic is part of the pharmacology branches, which seeks to determine the fate that an externally administered substance has on a living organism. The most interesting substances in this subject comprise of toxins, nutrients, and hormones. Pharmacokinetics employs a scheme referred to as ADME, which divides this subject into a number of areas. These classes comprise of excretion, metabolism, distribution, and absorption. Substances such as toxins, hormones, and nutrients enter a human’s body through the process of absorption. After absorption, distribution or dissemination follows where it takes the absorbed substances into the tissues and fluids of the human body. Thereafter, metabolism takes over and changes the parent compounds through an irreversible transformation into daughter metabolites. The final step that an externally administered substance mainly drugs is the excretion. Excretion partakes to eliminate or remove these substances from the human’s body. Drugs may affect the properties of pharmacokinetic through elements such as the administered dosage and the site of administration. Drugs injected into a human body intravenously leave the plasma via two first hand mechanisms. In the first one, the body removes a drug by distributing it to the body tissues. In the second arena, the body removes a drug through metabolism and excretion. After these processes, the plasma of a drug decreases its concentration through the biphasic pattern. In conclusion, since the work of a drug is to alleviate symptoms or cure a certain disease. It passes several biological membranes while in the process of eradicating unwanted components in a human’s body. In the site of action, it crosses biological membranes by use of principle membranes such as filtration, facilitated or passive diffusion, and active transport. Pharmacokinetic stu dies aid to our knowledge about the things that our bodies do to drugs that we take with the aim of curing or removing certain symptoms or even for other purposes. ReferencesBurchum, J. R. L. Pharmacologic management.Chapter 22.

Environmental Statutory Shift in Planning †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Environmental Statutory Shift in Planning. Answer: Introduction Tourism in Bega Valley Shire is managed by the Board of Sapphire Coast Tourism Ltd, a non profit organization established by Bega Valley Shire Council in 2008. The Board members are volunteers and the constitution of the Board is a mix of community and tourism industry representatives. A councilor from Bega Valley Shire Council attends board meetings, as do council staff from time to time. It is not the Boards role to market and promote tourism businesses. That task is for the individual businesses and their representative bodies. The Boards role is set out in the company constitution. The first objective is: To identify and promote the regions compelling visitor experiences to maximize the social, cultural, environmental and economic wellbeing of the community through sustainable tourism (Council, 2015) Growing Tourism in the Bega Valley Economy The key issues identified in this discussion are that the potential that tourism impact on the social and economic well being on the Bega Valley community. There has been growth in this tourism economy compared to the rest. Under the existing funding options the tourisms economy has increased, the efforts have been made for expansion of the avenues so that sustainable sources of revenues are formed. In the Bega Valley recommendation are made so that the economy capitalize on the growth potential of the tourism. The region of Bega Valley relies mostly on the domestic market which is dominant on the 96% of the visitors. Out of them only 78% are those which are of the age group of 35years.There is International tourists who travel in this place throughout the year. The statistics show that there are over 2314000 visits in the year 2014.The Government made many strategies so as to increase the number of tourists in the area. The key to success in tourism is to present and show those special areas which make the places attractive ad irresistible to the tourists and hereby the Bega beach valley is sold for beach holidays and for spending beach holidays (Council, 2014). The economy earns mostly from tourism since the coastal destination is sold to attract the tourists. This beach is used as Australias top tourists place. The key motivator is the attraction to the areas undeveloped natural environment and the opportunities to explore the region. The report considers the current average occupancy rate which is only 45%.The other factor for increasing the tourism industry; it is a region for low volume and high yield region. The visitors of the region are highly educated and seek experience based on their heritage, culture and food preferences (Council, 2014). Strength, weakness and effectiveness of the place Use of digital media and internet: the travel decision made by the visitors is based on the attraction in the social media and internet. Most of the visitors make their travel arrangement through internet. Hence the digital strategy is the best strategy which increases the quality and decreases the cost to the management (Goff et al, 2016). Social media strategy: this strategy focuses on advertising media on social media and this is how it helps them to combat the rapid growth and competition in the tourism sector. The digital manager helps in the day to day engagement with social media assets. Heritage tourism strategy: This strategy focuses on the growth potential in the constrained market. The cultural and natural heritage is interpreted all across the Bega Valley. This program helps in the planning and product development. Knowledge of Journey Programs: The journeys are presented in themes, to cater for visitors with particular interests. The journeys comprise high quality site and route information that will reach visitors through visitor information outlets, accommodation providers and the Internet. Management of tourism Sapphire Coast Tourism has had demonstrable success with initiatives under the tourism strategy thus far. The area has reached its performance and the available resources are not possible to to capture all the opportunities and expand for new areas of visitor services and product development unless an additional and sustainable revenue source can be secured. Statistics show that a rural place in Eurobodallas being the largest industry valued in 2013 at $367 million per year to the local economy and employing directly or indirectly up to 25% of the entire workforce. Council is a major supporter of the tourism industry and has developed the Eurobodalla Destination Management Plan 2011-2020 to guide its role in the industry. Council also maintains a Tourism Advisory Committee to ensure it gets detailed feedback from the industry on the priorities of the Destination Management Plan (Bubanja, inÃ… ¾ar-Sekulic and Stevanovic, 2016). The main aim of the Committee is to plan in the following ways: Help grow tourism Help in the sustainable and competitive tourisms Grow in the range and quality of tourism Attract the tourists investment The Plan outcomes of direct relevance to land use planning and hence the Eurobodalla Rural Land Strategy have detailed the directions of the plan, in particular sustainable tourism development, tourist product and development and infrastructure development. Strength, weakness and effectiveness of the place It has been found that tourism in the rural areas of Shire are playing a major role in the improvement of the economy and thereby allowing the land owners to diversify their activities. There are developments in the urban areas such as apartments where a proportion would be for holiday letting but the breakup of short and long term letting is not available (Walker, 2016). The Australian Register makes a report which shows that urban areas has 182 business whereas the rural having only 25 registered business. Eurobodalla contains an extensive range of rural tourism assets much of which is land conserved as National Park or State Forest. These lands not only provide visitor destinations, some offer accommodation options, but they add to the natural landscape values which help underpin Eurobodalla tourism strengths as do the Shires agricultural landscapes. The strength for the places business is that Eurobodalla has been conserved as National Park or State Forest. Other factors include the coastal and marine landscape which is dominated by the fishing and boating business. The establishment of Batemans Marine Park, located between Murramarang Beach and Wallaga Lake on the South Coast, that offers residents and visitors opportunities for leisure and recreational activities. Knowledge relating to tourism planning environments Continue to diversify, develop and promote tourism product offerings and experiences that are innovative, and aligned with farm and nature?based experiences and lifestyle attributes of the area; Encourage and support the development and interpretation of local indigenous tours, heritage, cultural, and local food experiences; Encourage and attract new tourism operators and entrepreneurs to the area; Encourage the development of visitors accommodation and to diversity the experiences to encourage year?round visitation Comparison of the two discussion papers Eurobodalla Destination place is a rural destination which focuses and concentrates on the National Parks and Forestry Corporation on projects such as Nature Walks program, the Corn trail (from the Clyde Mountain to Bolero Valley) and the Bingi Dreaming track (Eurobodalla National Park). It is essential to protect the Shires environmental values which have been identified as a key attractor for Eurobodalla nature based tourism and an important contributor to the Shires amenity and economy. Whereas in Bega Valley is very popular for these reasons , that is firstly for the National research identified heritage tourism as having the only growth potential in the constrained domestic market as this region is well endowed with cultural and natural heritage that can be interpreted and presented in all areas across the Bega Valley. Secondly The Heritage Strategy guides programs and planning for product development and community engagement in delivery of heritage experiences. The first herita ge infrastructure program was the development of the Killer Whale Trail in Eden (Council, 2013). Impacts of Tourism in the market Revenues to the Government are derives from conservation of the natural areas and to wildlife which includes the marine environment and the development of national and regional parks and reserves as major attraction. Revenues derived from the archaeological and historic sites as tourist attraction which may have otherwise disappeared Improvement from environmental quality and the tourism which provides the incentive to clean up the environment through controlling air, water, noise and visual pollution, reducing congestion and upgrading overall appearance with suitable landscaping and building design. Increment of the environment and awareness to the local community when residents and especially young people observe tourists interest in conservation (Wray, 2013). Reflection of learning on tourism planning The primary benefit from the offer is to consider complex consideration that influences tourism and heritage to achieve the interest and get positive results. It encourages: me to learn so that there is better communication and there is good communication between stakeholders and heightened understanding of different issue with higher quality tourism products and increased support that derive from local communities. It thereby helps in the minimal and managed impacts which help in the increased awareness of natural and cultural heritage for staff, communities and guests. Thus it helps me have an overall knowledge which will help me in the following: Assists in defining tourism which is a distinct economic sector, Provide a measurement or the level of tourism related economic activity To trace the amount of relationship between tourism and the economy. Thus this would provide for the basis of estimating the reason and impact of tourism on gross domestic product and employment and the external account (Kelly, 2016,). References Council, B.V.S., 2015. Shark Sighting Pambula Beach. Council, B.V.S., 2014. Algal bloomns return to South Coast beaches. Council, B.V.S., 2014. Tourism summit to pave the way. Goff, J., Knight, J., Sugawara, D. and Terry, J.P., 2016. Anthropogenic disruption to the seismic driving of beach ridge formation: The Sendai coast, Japan.Science of the Total Environment,544, pp.18-23. Bubanja, N., inÃ… ¾ar-Sekulic, J. and Stevanovic, V., 2016. Assessing the influence of environmental parameters on aquatic plants of ponds in the hinterland of Long Beach in Montenegro.Limnetica,35(2), pp.385-396. Walker, J., 2016.How rural communities take action to develop sustainable and healthy communities(Doctoral dissertation, Flinders University, Adelaide). Council, E.S., 2013. Rural Lands Issues Paper. Wray, M., 2013. Protected areas and sustainable tourism planning: The case of Eurobodalla shire, Australia.CAUTHE 2013: Tourism and Global Change: On the Edge of Something Big, p.945. Kelly, A.H., 2016, February. An Overview of the Coastal Management in the Planning System of New South Wales (NSW), Australia, at the Local Government Level: Is an Environmental Statutory Shift in Planning Law Overdue?. InGeography Research Forum(Vol. 34, pp. 9-22).

My Fair Lady Study Guide free essay sample

My Fair Lady Alan Jay Lerner acquaintance, Colonel Pickering, that after six months of lessons with him, he could teach Eliza to speak with such a pure upper-class accent that no one would be able to tell where she came from. Chapter 2: Elizas father, Alfred Doolittle was thrown out of the pub as he hasnt got enough money to pay for his drinks. Eliza gives him some money. About the author My Fair Lady was originally a stage musical based on the play Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw. Alan Jay Lerner adapted George Bernard Shaws play for he musical My Fair Lady. Alan Jay Lerners words for the songs use many of the spoken words in Shaws play. This was partly because Lerner, by law, had to stay as close as possible to the original. The Irish playwright George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950) was born In Dublin, but moved to London when he was twenty, and soon began publishing articles and reviews in London magazines. We will write a custom essay sample on My Fair Lady: Study Guide or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After writing five unsuccessful novels. he turned to play writing in the 1890s, but did not achieve popular success until 1904. His plays surprised theatre audiences of the time because of their serious attention to philosophical deas, moral questions and current social problems. Many of them such as Caesar and Cleopatra, Man and Superman, and Saint Joan, as well as Pygmalion † are still very popular today, and many have been filmed. Shaw was a socialist who believed in equality of income and the abolition of private property. He also supported womens rights. He believed that many of the worlds greatest problems could be solved by rational, scientific tnlnKlng . He recelvea tne Nonel Prlze Tor Llterature In 1925. Summary My Fair Lady tells the story of Eliza Doolittle, who is a poor girl selling flowers on London streets until she meets Henry Higgins, a professor of linguistics. Chapter 1: Higgins hears Eliza shouting in her harsh Cockney accent in Covent Garden. He says to his new c Pearson Education Limited 2008 Chapter 3: Eliza finds her way to the professors house and offers him money to give her lessons. Pickering is intrigued and offers to pay for the cost if Higgins can really back up his claim. Higgins is interested in the experiment, and agrees. An intensive makeover of Elizas speech, manners, and dress begins in preparation for her appearance at the Embassy Ball. Chapter 4: Elizas father comes to Higgins to extract some money from him. Higgins is impressed by the way he speaks. Meanwhile, Eliza goes through many forms of speech training. Just as things seem hopeless, Higgins softens his harsh attitude and she suddenly gets it. Chapter 5: Higgins takes her on her first public appearance to Ascot Racecourse. She makes a good impression, but shocks everyone by her Cockney accent and slang when she gets excited. She captures the heart of a young man named Freddy Eynsford-Hill. Chapter 6: Finally, Higgins takes Eliza out to the Embassy Ball, where she stuns everyone. After the ball, Higgins is so excited about his triumph and his pleasure that the xperiment is now over. Eliza feels used and abandoned. Chapter 7: She walks out on Higgins and goes back to Covent Garden, but nobody recognises her now. She sees her father there and finds out that hes getting married. Chapter 8: After Eliza is gone, Higgins soon realises that he has grown accustomed to her face. Higgins finds Eliza at his mothers house, and he attempts to talk her into coming back to him. Eliza rejects him and leave. Chapter 9: Higgins makes his way home, missing Eliza very much. He plays his recordings to listen to Elizas voice. To Higginss great delight, Eliza returns to him. About the film I ne IY04 Tllm 0T tne muslcal was enormously popular all over the world and won eight Oscars, including those for Best Picture, Best Actor (Rex Harrison), Best Director (George Cukor) and Best Costume Design. Alan Jay My Fair Lady Teachers notes of 3 Lerner was nominated for an Oscar for his adaptation of George Bernard Shaws play. The costume design was the work of Sir Cecil Beaton (1904-1980), who was one of the most fashionable photographers and designers in Britain in the 1950s and early 60s. He was particularly famous for his elegant photographs of the most beautiful women of his day. Audrey Hepburn who did not receive an Oscar or even a nomination for her performance as Eliza Doolittle was a world famous star when the film was made, and probably remains one of the best-loved Hollywood actresses of all time. She was born in 1929 in Belgium, of Irish-Dutch parents, and brought up in Holland. She had small roles in films in England from 1948 to 1951, but then moved to the US, where she became a star with films such as Roman Holiday (1953), sabrtna (1954), Funny Face (1957) and Breakfast at Tiffanys (1961). Audiences fell in love with her charm and beauty, and she was one of the greatest nfluences on womens fashion of the 1950s. When she got older she gave much more of her time to charity than to acting. She died in 1993. The musicals unforgettable songs were of course one of the greatest attractions of the film. Although Rex Harrisons singing voice is heard throughout, Audrey Hepburns songs were only partly sung by the actress herself. The producer, Jack Warner, would not let her sing, and a professional singer Marni Nixon was brought in to dub her own voice over that of Hepburns. Background ana tnemes Pygmalion was first performed in 1913 in Vienna, and published and performed in London in 1916. The story is very much the same as it appears in My Fair Lady, except that the musical version made the relationship between Eliza Doolittle and Professor Higgins more romantic. In the play, as the musical, Eliza grows in confidence and independence and finally wins Higginss respect. But in a postscript to the play, Shaw said that Eliza went on to marry Freddy Eynsford-Hill, not Higgins. Shaw partly modelled the character of Higgins on a real linguist, Henry Sweet (1845-1912), who was one of the first people to study phonetics in England. Accent: At the time of this story, speaking with a proper ccent meant a higher social status. If Eliza can speak with an upper-class accent, she would be able to leave the street and find a respectable Job. Relationship between Eliza and Higgins: Speaking without a very strong London accent is not the only goal Eliza is after. She has another battle on her hands: to make Higgins see her as a person, not Just as an interesting experiment. Men vs. women: The story shows the caring attitude of women, such as Mrs Pearce and Mrs Higgins. Higgins, however, doesnt appreciate it and says, Why cant women be more like men? Discussion activities Chapter 1 Before reading 1 Discuss: Talk about musicals. Ask students if they have seen Pygmalion or My Fair Lady. If they have, put them into groups and tell them to discuss the good and bad things about them. If they havent, ask them to discuss good and bad points of musicals at the theatre and on film. After reading 2 Retell: Have students work in small groups. They look at the pictures on pages 3 and 5, and take turns to retell the story of Chapter 1. Encourage them to describe the characters, e. g. how they look, how they talk, what they are doing, etc. Palr work: ell students aoout tne Internatlonal Phonetic Alphabet (PA) if they dont know it. Get them to look in their dictionaries. Do some dictionary work to practise phonetics. See the examples below: a Give students some phonetic symbols, e. g. /o/, /a/,/a/JT/, etc. Then have students look for the words with those symbols. b Give students some words and have them look them up in their dictionaries. Ask some individual students to write the words with phonetic symbols on the board. c Write some words using the phonetic symbols on the board. Have students guess what the words are. Chapters 2-3 4 Discuss and predict: Talk about Alfred Doolittle. Have students look at the picture on page

Interpersonal Violence essayEssay Writing Service

Interpersonal Violence essayEssay Writing Service Interpersonal Violence essay Interpersonal Violence essayI believe that relationship violence is never justified because it is not allowed to cause damage to human beings. Every individual in our society has the right to safety and health. My own experiences with abuse and neglect point out to the fact that interpersonal violence is a learned behavior, which should be stopped as early as possible. Some people believe that it is a normal thing to hurt others. The behavior of these people in immoral because they lack humanism in their decisions and actions. My attitudes about violence may influence the way I respond to situations that I will encounter as a helper. I will be able to give adequate respond.Four types of abuse include violation of rights (e.g. placing a person to a nursing home without his/her permission, denying the right to speech, and other human rights, etc.), financial abuse or exploitation (providing control over someone’s access to money, especially among elderly people), physical abuse (hitting or kicking someone in order to achieve some goals, causing physical pain to weak people) and physical neglect (providing lack of care, failure to provide food or medicine to an ill persons or to elders, etc.). The type of emotional reaction I have to reading about abuse is despair because there are still many abusers and the abused in our society.Reading the section entitled â€Å"The Cycle of Violence† from my textbook, I realize that the cycle of violence should be taken into consideration in any case, which involves abuse. The cycle of violence can be repeated many times. Similarities in human behavior are obvious.   I can you use this understanding when working with victims of violence.I know a person who has aged successfully. He is 71.   He has grey hair and wrinkles, but he maintains the activities, which are very popular among middle-aged people, such as running, swimming, dancing, etc. Moreover, he has enough money to live happily. I believe that my pare nts and grandparents have aged successfully because they are active enough. They travel a lot and play tennis. They have good education and considerable income. Aside from genetic influences, the following factors determine how well a person age: physical activity, self-esteem, income, education, health condition, etc.I did not have incorrect beliefs about what it means to grow old. The media images and societal stereotypes perpetuate myths about aging. People have negative perception toward   ageism, which leads to age discrimination.As our population grows older and lives longer, there is an increased need for helpers to work with the aged. This field of employment interests me because I respect elderly people and want to provide professional assistance as a helper.

Should Abortion Be Legal

Should Abortion Be Legal Introduction The society has many ways of condemning practices that it considers morally and ethically wrong. In addition, owing to differences between different religious believers, there is a clear disparity of activities, which these religions consider right or wrong. Hence, considering these disparities, one main question, which many individuals lack correct answers to, is; is what the society or church considers right the right thing in reality?Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Should Abortion Be Legal specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Abortion is one of the most controversial topics in the modern society owing to different stances taken by different individuals, either applying religious beliefs or using societal values. Depending on ones position, many controversies arise as concerns the legalization and illegalization of abortion, hence the need to take an intent analysis of all factors surrounding the act befo re making any conclusions on its legality or illegality. Abortion If any individuals imagine that making the decision to do an abortion is an easy task, then they better sit down and critically analyze circumstances surrounding the whole act. Primarily, the practice encompasses the termination of pregnancy before a baby is born; a practice that leads to death of the unborn fetus or in some cases a live fetus. The practice has many associated effects, which include psychological trauma, stress, health deterioration, and the worst; death. Depending on the procedure and precaution taken by individuals, the entire process of abortion can be successful or fail, hence the need to always consider repercussions of the practice before doing an abortion. Legality and Illegality of Abortion Universally there exist two main divisions as concerns the debate on the legality and illegality of abortion namely pro-choice and pro-life views. The former argues that, individuals (women) have the right of making sole decisions as whether they want to terminate their pregnancies or not; depending on their cherished values and moral ethics. The latter argues that, considering the prevailing societal, religious, and general moral values, killing of an unborn child is wrong; hence, countries should eliminate the whole practice from the society. The main issue of contention between these two groups is the determination where practically human beings begin to be called living beings (Saletan, 2004, pp.187-190). All individuals accept that life is precious however, what if the created life is out of plan or chances are that, it will face many living problems. Arguing that, abortion can result in many health complications in life later for example, emotional damage, barrenness and death is not wrong. In addition, arguing that, although one may never have the requirements of upbringing up a child, hence seek for adoption is not also bad. However, it is good to consider the circumstances su rrounding the mother and the unborn child.Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For example, likelihoods of a child with deformities, which majority of parents never want to see their children go through. On the other hand, what if whoever is responsible for the pregnancy refuses to take responsibility of the baby just incase the mother cannot afford to up bring the child alone? This and many other questions pose an ethical dilemma on the illegality of abortion; hence, to me, abortion governments should legalize abortion because of complications that come with pregnancies. Why Countries Should Legalize Abortion Although individuals or organizations oppose the idea that governments should make abortion legal, considering some circumstances surrounding some pregnancies governments should legalize the whole thing. This is because; in most cases, mothers are the ones who suffer the burd en of carrying the unborn babies. In addition to the burden of carrying the unborn baby, in most cases research findings have indicated that, majority of individuals who father some babies are unwilling to take the responsibility of contributing to the up-bringing the child. For example, take of a case where the woman in question is a student; in most cases, these girls cannot afford bringing up the child on their own, and to make the whole issue worse majority of parents may reject them as not part of their family. In addition to rejections and lack of finance to up-bring the child, most of these young girls undergo psychological torture due to societal discriminations, because societies consider them outcasts. For example, in a Muslim society, it is wrong to get a child out of wedlock; hence just incase it occurs, majority of Muslim women face many discriminations and have to face certain punishments. The above factors puts at risk most mothers life, hence the need to take the har d option, whose success depends on its legality. The second main reason why abortion governments should legalize abortion is primarily to save mothers lives. Consider a case where a doctor has advised a mother not to sire more children because of her health condition for example, mothers suffering from health complications such as kidney infections, sickle cell anemia, advanced diabetes, or have had more than two babies via cesarean section (Conor, 2010, p.1). Such mothers’ health conditions cannot allow them to sire more children, hence the need for abortion for them to live long and comfortably. Humanly speaking, all individuals commit mistakes in life; hence, mothers are not an exception. This is to say, against those warnings some mothers get pregnant unknowingly, hence realize when it is too late. To these like mothers frankly asking, why should the law not allow them to have an abortion?Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Should Abortion Be Legal specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is important to note that, in this case it is two individuals lives that is at stake; hence, making it important to at least save one and loose one. In addition, in this like scenario, considering conditions surrounding it whether the law legalizes abortion or not, still most mothers will do it using all means that are at their disposal. Therefore, to avoid complications that may result from illegal abortions, it is necessary to legalize the practice (Schuman, 2010, p.1). Considering developments that our societies have undergone, surely it will be wrong to deny women this simple right. Since time memorial, activists have fought for gender equality in our society, a factor that should not isolate abortion. Reproductive choice should be a right the law should grant all women because it will give them an opportunity to explore other development options; more participation in economic development, a factor th at may be impaired by carrying of unwanted pregnancies (Oreffice Moore, 2005, p.1). Some situations surrounding conceptions also should make countries legalize the practice among women. For example, consider a case of a child conceived out of rape or incest. Majority of victims suffer a lot of psychological trauma, something that is more hurting that even sickness. Most of babies conceived out of rape will make most mothers have negative attitudes towards them, a situation that jeopardizes the health growth of the child. Primarily, this is so because these children may lack parental love they deserve something that universally contributes to suicidal tendencies among most children. This therefore results to two paradoxical questions; why allow children to be born knowing that circumstances surrounding their lives are complicated? In addition, why risk loosing a life something which abortion could have helped to alleviate long before birth? On the other hand, illegalizing abortion i n many ways discriminates different classes of women in the society. Most rich mothers can have abortion in sophisticated conditions that they prefer; where success is a guarantee, but considering the economic status of women from poor backgrounds, because of the illegality of the practice, they may opt for very crude ways that jeopardizes not only their health but also their overall life. Legalizing abortion can also help to reduce crime, a factor that many research findings have proved. For example since the legalization of abortion in America, the continent had seen continuous reductions in the number of child mortality rates. This is because, the practice is legal and the rule of law sets conditions under which individuals should undertake abortions; hence, it is very hard to find individuals involving themselves in criminal practices such homicides (Donohue Levitt, 2006, pp. 379-390). Another important reason why governments should legalize abortion is to manage population exp ansion and public health. Currently, the universe faces very many threats resulting from human practices. These practices include destruction of habitats, overexploitation of resources to sustain life, and encroachment into protected areas.Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In many ways this has led to many calamities that have caused massive property destruction and deaths, the latest being the Haiti Earthquake. To some extent, through population control by allowing abortions, governments can avoid exaggerated population explosions. This is because in most instances, in majority of nations it is illegal to do an abortion even when the case is genuine (Tietze, 1975, pp. 123-127). It is important to note that, although governments should legalize abortion, it is advisable for whoever who wants to conduct the act, to first of all seek medical advise before taking the abortion. In addition, it is important for all women to use correct aborting measures, because failure to do so can result to numerous complications. This is because, the option of applying crude procedures not only makes the entire process dangerous, but also can lead to loss of life of the mother or health complications that can leave one regretting for her entire life. Conclusion In concl usion, the issue of avoiding unwanted pregnancies that may force one to have an abortion should be a collective responsibility, owing to the fact that, it affects all individuals in one way or another. Considering conditions surrounding single parenthood, it is advisable for all individuals to embrace good moral behaviors, and just incase conception occurs against somebodys will for example rape or incest, the law should allow such individuals to have abortions. This is possible through clearly defining circumstances under which individuals can undertake the act. Reference List Conor, A. (2010). Reasons why abortions should remain legal. Socybert. Web. Donohue, J. Levitt, S. (2006). The impact of legalized abortion on crime.  The quarterly journal economics, 116 (2), 379-420. Oreffice, S. Moore, J. (2005). Legalizing abortion increases a womans economic power. Medical News. Web. Saletan, W. (2004). Bearing right: conservatives won the abortion law. California: University of Cali fornia press. Web. Schuman, R. (2010). Child fall asleep (Abortion): Debate with others on abortion Message board. Web. Tietze, C. (1975). Effect of legalization of abortion on population growth and public health. Family planning perspectives, 7(3), 123-127.

Critical review on The Prophets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Critical review on The Prophets - Essay Example The text of the article is highly exaggerated, the prophets have never reacted overwhelming about any unethical or immoral practices of the society, but yes there have been some instances where such practices had the potential to ruin the sanctity of human society, and for the sake of the protection of the sanctity achieved by the human society, through the services of the prophets, and the blessings of the God, the prophets were liable to react severely against the potential crimes and malpractices. The prophets have been descended not for the analysis of the human society; their responsibility is to ensure that the will of God is well maintained and practiced with true spirit and fervor. The prophet is sleepless and grave, the frankincense of charity fails to sweeten cruelties . The prophets were bestowed with the responsibility to criticize and rectify beyond analyze, the prophets on their part were justified to take serious notice of the corrupt and unethical practices which were commonly followed without any fear or despair. The religion of the God has focused upon peace, therefore every prophet has tired to communicate the significance of the peaceful live, and the factor of peace is strong due to the fact that it enlightens the human spiritually, morally and eternally. The factors which humans have ignored might have the potential to distract and demote the spiritual development achieved by the society of the time. The intellect of the human is far limited, whereas that of the prophet is manifold. The diversification of opinions, thoughts and objectives attained by the human is incomparable with the qualities possessed by the prophets. It is justified to regard the prophets as the enlightened creature, which is provided with spiritual authority and intellectual capabilities to handle, judge, practice and resolve the issue. It is untrue to regard that

The National Labor Union Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The National Labor Union - Term Paper Example The workforce today has just become an instrument for these corporations to multiply their wealth. The workforce is being exploited by these corporations in all parts of the globe, sometimes as child labor, sometimes as human trafficking and sometimes as sweatshops. The workers working in sweatshops are subjected to miserable and dangerous working condition. Similarly they are deprived of their basic rights such to raise voice against the employers, demand higher wage or to have extensive breaks during the working hours. Here it can be observed that the conditions of utilitarianism are not satisfied as the greater number of people in this case the workers are subjected to hardships and sufferings (Oppapers.com, 2009). The workforces of big fishes like Nike and Walmart are subjected to perilous working conditions and are given qualms of excruciating pain and restless environment. These companies treat their workforce as an entity rather than human assets that need to be valued and tak en care of. To steady the ship and to assist the workforce in obtaining its due rights through proper channel Labor Unions all over the world work day in and day out to resolve spats and cases of injustice (Selig, 1994). Labor Unions try to offer defiance to the helpless and weak workforces and try to abate the hardships that they are subjected to in their working environments. Labor unions help workers voice their opinions out loud to the management to get what they deserve rather than acting as silent observers or machines. There is a number of Labor Unions that are found across the United States of America namely American Labor Party, Farmer Labor Party, US Labor Party etc. throughout the length of this assignment American Labor Party will be the focal point to be elaborated upon (Russel Saga Foundation, 2006). History Taking account of the blows that the capitalist system has made to the world in general including the classification of the people into socio economic classes, ali enation of workers from their intellectual and physical rights, the phenomenon of rich getting richer leading to ever greater miseries of the poor people and accumulation of the wealth in 2007 a voice was raised. This voice was established using the internet protocol bearing in mind the possibilities attached when it comes to the digital medium. The aim of this party is to get America back to where it used to be before the influence of other world powers over its economy like Europe. Bringing US back on track is elaborated by this Labor Union on its website as restoring the free market economy and transfer of wealth more to labor as compared to capital (American Labor Party, 2011). The American Labor Party provides the hapless and helpless labor of the US Companies to voice their opinions, raise their voices and participate in the democratic system of government to be a part of the system and get the things done correctly. The American Labor Party is an integrated platform that rais es ugly issues in the America Corporate sector by sharing blogs and articles and bringing important, unheard and attention gaining issues to limelight. This is where this party becomes unique and effective because it does not only provide a platform to speak to the unheard but on the other hand it also creates awareness among the people and the laborers

Radio in the 1930s Essay Example for Free

Radio in the 1930s Essay

Explination Of Butlers Thesis :: essays research papers

Bret Hribar Q1:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Butler’s theory of desire separates all desires into two groups, the desire for â€Å"self-love† and the desire for â€Å"particular affection†, which are all other desires like hunger, sleep, or sex. â€Å"Self-love† is a person general desire for happiness, this, as Butler states is an internal desire, a desire for our own enjoyment and satisfaction. Butler separates this desire from the desire for â€Å"particular affections† because these are all external desires, the desire for objects around us that fulfill those desires. He says that these desires are not based on reason, but may follow from it. For example a person instinctively wants to eat or drink but may not know why he needs to eat or drink. Therefore that desire for food is not a conscious decision, â€Å"I should eat now because I need the energy to live,† but rather it is an innate desire, â€Å"I want food because I am hungry.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  His distinction separates all the desires into the reasoning section of the mind, that a particular action would be in the best interest of themselves, â€Å"self-love†, and the animalistic desire for a certain thing. For example a person who wants to smoke a cigarette does so because of the need for nicotine, â€Å"a particular affection†, whereas the person knows the cigarette is bad for them and that they shouldn’t smoke, which is self interest. Q2:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In order to show that all actions are not motivated by self-love Butler gives reasons why all actions might be motivated by self-love and them tries to disprove them. He states that all desires are self motivated, even the ones that appear not to be. A person may donate money to help the less fortunate but they are not motivated to do so because of a need to decrease someone else’s suffering but are motivated by a need to ease their own guilt.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The point he is making is that all actions done by a person are motivated by the desire for their own happiness and since all desires are ones own, all desires must be aimed at self-love.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The reason, Butler points out, that this deduction is wrong is due to the target of the desire. Some things are pursued because we know that they will make us happier, the reason or target of this desire is internal, that self motivated action is self love. Not all desires are based on our own best interest though, you may hate another person and want to hurt them, but by doing so may not be in your interest, he might break your face.

Sainsbury Marketing Mix

INTRODUCTION OF COMPANY J Sainsbury’s is the third largest grocery retailer in the UK. The company was leading grocery retailer in UK from the late 1980 to 1995. The company opened their first store in 1869. Sainsbury’s has 504 supermarkets and 319 convenience stores in UK. Company’s turnover is over ? 17. 4 billion and profit of ? 289 million. Asda and Tesco has overtaken Sainsbury’s recently. Sainsbury’s market share gradually decreased to just over 16%. Sainsbury’s growth has suddenly fallen down. In terms of local sourcing, Sainsbury’s is higher than other competitors. Sainsbury’s provides products like milk, pre-packed cheese, fresh lamb etc to the customer. Sainsbury’s is only food retailer to enter in global 100 index. Sainsbury’s sell over 4000 products. Company has been positioned under FTSE4 and Dow Jones Index. Sainsbury’s main responsibility is to provide best food and health, make relationship with community, to provide good place of work and save environment. The main objective of Sainsbury’s is to make growth in both sales and customers. Sainsbury’s continuously growing like-for-like sales by 3. %, increase the product range, improving services and operational saving. Sainsbury’s brand represents quality and value for money and customer service. Company’s brand name is ‘so organic’ related to food. The company objective is to provide high product in low fair price and provide good service to people like give information to choose product. The subsidiaries of Sainsburyâ €™s are Sainsbury’s Bank Ltd; Sainsbury’s Supermarket Ltd and Sainsbury’s Convenience Stores Ltd. (Source: www. sainsburys. co. uk) The supermarket chain operates three main store formats; regular Sainsbury's stores (‘Main Mission'), Sainsbury's Local and Sainsbury's Central (convenience stores and smaller supermarkets in urban locations – ‘Mixed Mission') and Sainsbury's ‘Main Plus' (hypermarket) stores. Unlike Tesco (Tesco Extra) and Asda (Asda Wal-Mart Supercentre), Sainsbury's does not employ a separate brand for its hypermarkets, having phased out the ‘Savacentre' fascia several years ago. At the end of its 2008/09 financial year Sainsbury's store portfolio was as follows. |Format |Number |Area (ft? |Area (m? ) |Percentage of space | |Supermarkets |502 |15,974,000 |1,484,000 |95. 6% | |Convenience stores |290 |729,000 |67,700 |4. 4% | |Total |792 |16,703,000 |1,551,700 |100. 0% | TOTAL MARKET SHARE: The total market share of Sainsbury’s is 16. 5%. Their market share has grown over last year and in current period they are serving over 18. 5 million customers each week. TRENDS AND ISSUES PREVALENT IN RETAIL INDUSTRY: The recent trends that are prevalent in Retail industry are as under: i. Fashion of creating one’s own brand: These days it has become a fashion to use own brand name by retail companies on packing of products. The companies are doing so because on order to increase consumer loyalty. Major retail giants Tesco, Sainsbury’s use their brand name on the products in order to promote their brand name and gain consumer loyalty as well. Eg: Sainsbury’s is selling organic food under the name of ‘Sainsbury’s So Fresh’. The trends of own brand name is increasing. i. Availability of all continental and regional type of food at any period of time: Earlier the foods of winter were not available in summer. But now due to improved storage systems and new trends of eating off seasonal foods as well, the consumers can have grapes in winter as well. Now any body can eat off seasonal food at any point of time. iii. Demand for convenience food: The increased competitive world has made both males and females to work in order to earn their livings. Nobody has any time to cook food. As both partners are busy in their jobs, so they don’t get much time to cook food. But the recent retail trend is of eating cereals and cooked food. The consumers can eat the ready mix food at any point of time without even cooking it. iv. More attraction towards discounted items: The consumers, these days prefer the discounted products. Discounted products are in trend nowadays. The recent trend is that more the discount, the more the customers. The sales also get increased by providing more discounts. v. Direct marketing: It is a type of retailing in which consumers are exposed to goods & services through a non-personal medium. They can order & purchase the products by mail or telephone. vi. Online technology: The technology has made it easier for retailers to sell products online. The consumers can order and purchase the products online. The company can deliver products to consumers on a single click. Online sales are a great source of income to retailers as well. Issues in Retail industry: Following are the main issues that are prevalent in retail industry: i. Rising health awareness amongst public. The UK government is spreading awareness about healthier and fresh food in UK. The customers are told to not to eat sweeteners. The government is making people aware about use of organic food and low fat food. Thus the consumers have started shifting towards fresh and healthier food. ii. Low disposable income: Due to recession, the disposable income of people have fall. This has effected the spending capacity of people. Now people have decreased their buying ability. iii. Recession gave rise to unemployment and inflation which affect the market directly or indirectly. iv. Consumers have perception that recession is long term so they are spending less and saving more. The consumers believe that due to recession they are unable to save more and are having only expenses. COMPETITORS: †¢ In the supermarket business Sainsbury's main competitors are Tesco, Asda and Safeway. †¢ In retail banking the main competition comes from Tesco Financial Services, M & S Financial Services, the traditional high street banks, Egg, Halifax and Abbey National mortgages. PRODUCTS: The major products of Sainsbury’s are as follows: †¢ Supermarket/Grocery goods; †¢ Retail banking services; †¢ Retail property development services In Sainsbury’s, a large store typically stocks around 50,000 lines of which round 20% are â€Å"own-label† goods. These own-brand lines include: †¢ Basics: mainly food, toiletries and stationery. †¢ Taste the Difference (TTD): around 1100 premium food lines i. e. processed foods such as ready made meals and premium bakery lines. †¢ Freefrom: It was launched in February 2010, it has over 7 5 product lines. These products are suitable for those allergic to dairy products. †¢ Sainsbury's Organic (SO Organic): Around 500 lines of food / drink which is not derived from food stuffs treated with fertilizer or pesticides. †¢ Different by Design: a smaller range of premium non-food lines, including flowers. Kids: these lines are for children. †¢ Be Good To Yourself (BGTY): products with reduced calorific and/or fat content. All BGTY packaging was relaunched in January 2010. †¢ Fair Trade: Over 100 fair trade products. All bananas sold at Sainsbury's are now fair trade. †¢ Super Naturals: A range of ready meals with healthy ingredients. †¢ TU – own brand clothing range. †¢ TU Home – a range of home products, such as lighting, rugs, and kitchen products. PORTER'S FIVE FORCE ANALYSIS 1. Competitive rivalry †¢ The retail market is extremely competitive with a very crowded market. More companies are trying to get into non food sectors which leads to increase in competition. 2. Barriers for entry in food category Firstly, organised retail is amongst the most sophisticated sectors within the UK and needs a lot of investment. Secondly, retail is also at an advanced stage within the UK and most of the western world. 3. Threats of Substitutes †¢ The threat of substitutes in the food category is a low one because consumers view it as a necessity, especially in the developed world and increasingly in the emerging markets. The only major threat of substitute is an internal industry threat whereby one supermarket can lap up the business of other supermarkets. 4. Buyer power †¢ Buyer power is high due to the presence of so many competitors selling the same products. †¢ As the economy goes further towards recession, consumers' needs are likely to be given more weight, increasing their power considerably. 5. Supplier power †¢ Supplier power is usually more complicated as it is difficult to categorise it. Supplier power of smaller suppliers will not be considerable because of their sales volumes on dependence on these supermarkets. PEST ANALYSIS Political factors †¢Increasing globalization, presents a challenge as well as an opportunity to Sainsbury's. Sainsbury's can enter the markets of emerging companies through joint ventures or partnerships to explore these new markets, although it does not have any plans on the horizon to do so. †¢ The ongoing investigation of price fixing amongst the big four retailers within the UK can have some negative impact to the industry in general and Sainsbury's in particular. In the UK, the Government is to decrease the rate of corporation tax from 30% to 28%, which will save big companies like Sainsbury's significant sums of money (HM Treasury 2008). Economic factors †¢ The rapidly increasing global food crisis has increased food prices all over the world, which will result in risi ng purchasing costs for Sainsbury's. †¢ The credit crunch might decrease the purchasing power of consumers and though they will still buy the essentials they may be more cautious. Social factors: Nowadays there seems to be more emphasis on fresh, easy style cooking. This serves an opportunity for Sainsbury's to encourage new recipes and unfussy eating. †¢ There has been a huge emphasis by the government to promote healthy eating, primarily due to the increasing level of obesity within the UK. This has lead to many consumers to shift towards healthier food. This presents an opportunity to Sainsbury's to stock up with more healthy food or create healthier foods at a cheaper price than other manufacturers so as to benefit from this new trend. Technological †¢ The Internet phenomenon seems to be ever growing within western countries. †¢ One of the downsides of supermarket shopping is the queuing system customers often find themselves in at the checkout. †¢ RFID (Radio Frequency Identification Device) technology can be used for significant benefits to the supply chain of Sainsbury's. If adopted, this technology will lead to less inventory for the supermarket firms leading to a leaner, more profitable organisation. SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths Weakness some implications as people are gravitating towards British companies and the prospect of Sainsbury's being governed by a foreign firm can lead to consumers switching loyalties. †¢ Alternative business presents a great opportunity to Sainsbury for future growth. †¢ Online sales are a great opportunity as well, since online margins are higher and investments are not huge. Threats †¢ There needs to be continuous heavy investment in environmental and green issues without immediate benefits. Sainsbury's operations are subject to a broad spectrum of regulatory requirements particularly in relation to planning, competition and environmental issues, employment, pensions and tax laws and in terms of regulations over the group's products and services WHERE DO WE WANT TO BE? Ansoff Matrix To portray alternative corporate growth strategies, Igor Ansoff presented a matrix that focused on the firm's present and potential products and markets (customers). By considering way s to grow via existing products and new products, and in existing markets and new markets, there are four possible product-market combinations. Ansoff's matrix is shown below: Ansoff Matrix |   |Existing Products |New Products | |Existing | | | |Markets | | | | |Market Penetration |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Product Development  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   | |New | | |Markets | | | | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Market Development  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   |Diversification | Ansoff's matrix provides four different growth strategies: †¢ Market Penetration – the firm seeks to achieve growth with existing products in their current market segments, aiming to increase its market share. †¢ Market Development – the firm seeks growth by targeting its existing products to new market segments. †¢ Product Development – the firms develops new products targeted to its existing market segments. Diversification – the firm grows by diversifying into new businesses by developing new products for new markets. Selecting a Product-Market Growth Strategy The market penetration strategy is the least risky since it leverages many of the firm's e xisting resources and capabilities. In a growing market, simply maintaining market share will result in growth, and there may exist opportunities to increase market share if competitors reach capacity limits. However, market penetration has limits, and once the market approaches saturation another strategy must be pursued if the firm is to continue to grow. Market development: The development of new markets for the product may be a good strategy if the firm's core competencies are related more to the specific product than to its experience with a specific market segment. Because the firm is expanding into a new market, a market development strategy typically has more risk than a market penetration strategy. A product development strategy may be appropriate if the firm's strengths are related to its specific customers rather than to the specific product itself. New product development carries more risk than simply attempting to increase market share. Diversification is the most risky of the four growth strategies since it requires both product and market development and may be outside the core competencies of the firm. Diversification may be a reasonable choice if the high risk is compensated by the chance of a high rate of return. Sainsbury’s has also diversified into banking, financial services, petrol pumps etc. HOW DO WE GET THERE? MARKETING OBJECTIVES: To be consumer’s first choice for food delivering products of outstanding quality and great service at a competitive cost through working faster, simpler and together. Positioning: This means process by which marketers try to create an image or identity in the minds of their target market for its product, brand, or organization. Sainsbury’s has increased its private brand product portfolio. Under food category, company offers organic food under name ‘Sainsbury’s SO organic’ range and it comprises of 450 products. (www. sainsburys. co. uk) Competitive advantage: According to its chief executive Justin King Fairtrade gives Sainsbury’s the edge over its competitors, as well as being an ethical way to trade. MARKETING MIX: It is referred to as the set of controllable tools that the firm blends to produce the response it wants in the target market, so it consists of everything the firm can do to influence the demand for its product (Kotler and Armstrong, 2004). The major function of marketing mix strategy of any company is the strategic communication of the organization with its customers (Proctor, 2000). Marketing Mix is also referred to as â€Å"4 Ps of Marketing†. The classification of four Ps of marketing was first introduced and suggested by McCarthy (1960), and includes marketing strategies of product, price, placement and promotion. According to Borden (1964), the elements of the marketing mix includes product planning; pricing; branding; distribution channels; promotions; product packaging; advertisements; services; packaging handling; and re-order, etc. The purpose of using a marketing mix is to target the market in order to increase sales and profits. [pic] (Source: www. marketingteacher. com) The 4 Ps of Marketing Mix can be explained as below: 1. Product: A product includes all features and combination of goods and related services that a company offers to its customers. The product or service offer needs to be able to meet a specific, existing market demand. The companies that are operating in service sector and provide intangible products are very much criticized by the customers. The companies can use the terminology of â€Å"service products† under marketing mix strategy making (Kotler & Armstrong, 2004). Sainsbury’s is applying this strategy according to consumer preferences and changes in the market. i. Positioning: This means process by which marketers try to create an image or identity in the minds of their target market for its product, brand, or organization. Sainsbury’s has increased its private brand product portfolio. Under food category, company offers organic food under name ‘Sainsbury’s SO organic’ range and it comprises of 450 products. (www. sainsburys. co. uk) ii. Quality: The products offered by Sainsbury’s are quality products. There is a wide range of great quality products at fair prices. The main emphasis of quality is on fresh food, organic food and private label brands. The company’s commitment of offering quality products has increased the brand image of the company. iii. Product Packaging: Sainsbury’s has improved its packaging. The company offers the products in self branded packages. The various discounts and slogans are mentioned on the packaging. The company is using eco-friendly bags for packaging and carrier bags called ‘Bags for life’. (Source: www. sainsburys. co. uk). iv. Branding : Sainsbury’s uses self labelled branded products. The company offers nearly 20% out of its 50,000 product range, which uses self label brands. v. Varieties. vi. Taste the different: Also known as ‘Ttd’, it is the company’s biggest sub brand which comprises of 1300 products. It was Sainsbury’s first own brand range to be free of artificial colors, flavors and hydrogenated fats. 2. Pricing: It is setting up a price for a product or service offered. According to Kotler and Armstrong (2004) price is the amount of money that customers have to pay to obtain the product. It is not simple to set a price. The customers not only view the lower price of product, but they respond to value so a lower price does not necessarily mean expanded sales if the product is not fulfilling the expectation of the customers (Lazer, 1971). Pricing strategy is divided into two parts: price determination and price administration. The different types of price are Market led pricing (Competitive pricing), Cost based pricing, penetration pricing, destruction pricing, price wards, EDLP (Every day low price). The pricing strategy of Sainsbury’s is that it should be able to provide profits. The pricing strategy of Sainsbury’s is as follows: a. Lower pricing strategy: Sainsbury’s use lower price or economy pricing strategy at the time of launching or selling a new product. The marketing and manufacturing costs are kept at minimum. Sainsbury’s offer economy prices for its products like soups, beans, tomato puree, etc. which can be compared very easily with its competitor TESCO (Source: http://www. sainsburys. co. uk & http://www. tesco. com). b. Discount price: Sainsbury’s offer discounts to the consumers. This is done in order to increase the bucket size. The discount offered by Sainsbury’s has resulted in increase in sales volume. c. Meal Deals: Sainsbury’s offer meal deals for families. It offers a meal, a soft drink in just ? 5 to family of 3 members. This kind of meal deals are making it popular among the food sections in retail market. . Credit terms. 3. Place: It involves all activities used by company in order to make the product available to the targeted customer (Kotler and Armstrong, 2004). It refers to different ways by which a customer can obtain a product or receive a service. A product or a service can be received through a number of distribution channels, such as in a retail store, through the mail, via downloadable files, on a cruise ship, in a hair salon, etc. The products can be made available to customers depending upon different factors like sales, communications and contractual considerations (Lazer, 1971). The ease with which the products or services are made available to customers has a significant effect on sales volume. Sainsbury’s has been using the perfect blend of the time, quantity and place concept in order to serve its customers. a. Website: Sainsbury’s has its corporate website i. e. www. sainsburys. co. uk. The company has made quite a good use of technology and the customers can purchase the products and services at just one go through internet or online. Sainsbury’s has its online section showing groceries online at internet. The consumers can easily choose among various products available online. This saves a lot much time of the customer and also home delivery by Sainsbury’s made it more convenient for the consumers to buy a product. b. Convenience Stores: These are the stores which are opened upon locally in smaller area. The consumers can have fresh food and other quality products close to their home. Sainsbury’s has also introduced a series of operational changes to improve cost efficiency, such as night-shift improvements and introducing further shelf-ready packaging. . Supermarkets: Sainsbury’s has increased its no. of stores to 792 out of which 164 stores are more than 4000 square ft. area. The supermarkets are large and big stores that are open for 24 hours a day and offer full range of products and services to the customers. d. Banks: Sainsbury’s Bank provides insurance, credit cards, loans and travel money. The consumers can access it online as well on its corporate website www. sainsburysbank. co. uk. It can also be accessed in convenience stores. e. Home Delivery: The Company is also having 169 stores that provide home delivery service to customers. f. Filling Stations. g. Cafe. 4. Promotion: Promotional strategies means the different means through which a company communicates the benefits and values of its products and encourages customers to buy them (Kotler and Armstrong, 2004). It is the process by which the businesses informs the customers about their products and encourage them to buy their products. The best way to understand promotion is through the concept of the marketing communication process. Promotion is the company strategy to cater for the marketing communication process that requires interaction between two or more people or groups, encompassing senders, messages, media and receivers (Lazer, 1971). For example, if Nokia wants to promote its product then, Nokia is sender and an advertising agency as well; the media used in the process can be salesmen, newspapers, magazines, radio, billboards, television etc and the message will be the advertisement or sales presentation and the final destination is the potential consumer or customer which will be mobile phone users. . Nectar Card: offers customers to gain points through shopping. They can earn money to exchange point. The company offer loyalty cards to its customers which has points based system. It can be collected on every purchase made in Sainsbury’s. (Source: http://www. nectar. com) b. Active Kids: promises to donate sporting equipment and coaching to primary and secondary schools in exchange for vouchers c ollected by customers. c. TV Ads: Jamie Oliver is the representative of Sainsbury’s. d. Advertising: Sainsbury’s uses media as an effective tool for promoting the products. The company is making use of television and radio for promoting its brand. e. Sales promotion: The company also offer schemes like buy 1 get 1 free. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CHANGES IN THE MARKETING MIX STRATEGY: In today’s competitive world consumer’s shopping behaviour changes significantly with fluctuations in the macroeconomic environment. Retailers can maximize the returns by effectively altering the marketing mix strategies. Consumer goods manufacturers and retailers have to make regular critical decisions around the pricing, product, distribution, and promotion that best communicates their firm’s value to consumers. Thus Sainsbury’s in order to be at a top position in the food retailer’s market needs to apply some changes to its marketing mix strategy. Product: †¢ Sainsbury’s should diversify its product line to even more variety of products like petrol. †¢ It should concentrate more on its own-brand products as now the customers are getting more attracted towards own-label products of the retailers as they offer quality products at cheap prices. †¢ Sainsbury’s should also try to products in smaller quantities or in small packets. That will bring an edge to Sainsbury’s. Price: †¢ Sainsbury’s should try to increase production of their own brand products can help them reduce cost and offer better prices. †¢ Sainsbury’s should keep its price in competition to its competitors like Tesco. †¢ It should use the penetrating pricing strategy for its new products along with the on going economy pricing strategy which will reduce the profit margin of the company a bit but will give them opportunity to gain economies of scale. Place: Sainsbury’s should concentrate more on internet sales by offering its customers schemes like vouchers when they spend online. †¢ Instead of opening up new stores, Sainsbury’s should concentrate on its existing stores. It should try to bring all its stores in profit. †¢ The Internet is a new marketing tool which means that the aim should be innovation, developing new programs and features that will attract the clientele so as to capit alize on this tool and stand out among the rest. Promotion: †¢ New schemes for collective buying and online buying, online vouchers should be introduced. As today is the price war but due to its brand image it can also advertising which not just concentrates on the price but on the main aim of the company like healthy food and life style to attract the customers or with the emotional connection of the particular brand with the consumers. Internet malls i. e. e-malls can be created to increase the sales and to reach more customers than by personal selling. CONCLUSION The retailer industry is very competitive. Although SAINSBURY’S retailing position is still very strong, TESCO and ASDA are strong competitors. Sainsbury’s strategic marketing mix needs to be improved. It needs carefully designed. Hence, more market researches are needed to develop an effective strategic marketing mix. To answer the research question, Sainsbury’s needs to implement an appropriate marketing mix to become a more successful company REFERENCES Blattberg R C and Hoch S J (1990). `Database models and export intuition: 50% model . 50% manager', Management Science, vol. 36, p. 887-889. D’Esopo M and Almquist E (2007). â€Å"An approach to mastering the marketing†, mix, Business Strategy Series, vol. , no. 2, p. 122-131 Kotler, P (1988). Marketing Management Analysis, Planning, Implementation and Control, New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc. Marketing Analytics Inc. (2010). â€Å"Marketing Modeling Mix†, http://www. marketinganalytics. com/Solutions/MarketingMixModeling. aspx. Retrieved on 20th April 2010 Verdict (2007) â€Å"UK Grocery Retailers, 2007, http://www. verdict. co. uk/ Marke ting/dmvt0365m. pdf. Retrieved on 20th April 2010 http://www. j-sainsbury. co. uk/ar07/businessreview/corporateobjectives. shtml[pic]

Importance of Literature Essay

Literature is the foundation of life. It places an emphasis on many topics from human tragedies to tales of the ever-popular search for love. While it is physically written in words, these words come alive in the imagination of the mind, and its ability to comprehend the complexity or simplicity of the text. Literature enables people to see through the lenses of others, and sometimes even inanimate objects; therefore, it becomes a looking glass into the world as others view it. It is a journey that is inscribed in pages, and powered by the imagination of the reader. Ultimately, literature has provided a gateway to teach the reader about life experiences from even the saddest stories to the most joyful ones that will touch their hearts. From a very young age, many are exposed to literature in the most stripped down form: picture books and simple texts that are mainly for the sole purpose of teaching the alphabet etc. Although these are not nearly as complex as an 800-page sci-fi novel, it is the first step that many take towards the literary world. Progressively, as people grow older, they explore other genres of books, ones that propel them towards curiosity of the subject, and the overall book. Reading and being given the keys to the literature world prepares individuals from an early age to discover the true importance of literature: being able to comprehend and understand situations from many perspectives. Physically speaking, it is impossible to be someone else. It is impossible to switch bodies with another human being, and it is impossible to completely understand the complexity of their world. Literature, as an alternative, is the closest thing the world has to being able to understand another person whole-heartedly. For stance, a novel about a treacherous war, written in the perspective of a soldier, allows the reader to envision their memories, their pain, and their emotions without actually being that person. Consequently, literature can act as a time machine, enabling individuals to go into a specific time period of the story, into the mind and soul of the protagonist. With the ability to see the world with a pair of fresh eyes, it triggers the reader to reflect upon their own lives. Reading a material that is relatable to the reader may teach them morals and encourage them to practice good judgement. This can be proven through public school systems, where the books that are emphasized the most tend to have a moral-teaching purpose behind the story. An example would be William Shakespeare’s stories, where each one is meant to be reflective of human nature – both the good and bad. Consequently, this can promote better judgement of situations, so the reader does not find themselves in the same circumstances as perhaps those in the fiction world. Henceforth, literature is proven to not only be reflective of life, but it can also be used as a guide for the reader to follow and practice good judgement from. The world today is ever-changing. Never before has life been so chaotic and challenging for all. Life before literature was practical and predictable, but in present day, literature has expanded into countless libraries and into the minds of many as the gateway for comprehension and curiosity of the human mind and the world around them. Literature is of great importance and is studied upon as it provides the ability to connect human relationships, and define what is right and what is wrong. Therefore, words are alive more than ever before.

Archaeology and Prehistory of Cuba

Archaeology and Prehistory of Cuba Cuba is the largest of the Caribbean islands and one of the closest to the mainland. People, probably coming from Central America, first settled on Cuba around 4200 BC. Archaic Cuba Many of the oldest sites in Cuba are located in caves and rock shelters on the interior valleys and along the coast. Among these, the Levisa rock shelter, in the Levisa river valley, is the most ancient, dating to about 4000 BC. Archaic period sites usually include workshops with stone tools, such as small blades, hammer stones and polished stone balls, shell artifacts, and pendants. In few of these cave sites burial areas and examples of pictographs have been recorded. Most of these ancient sites were located along the coast and the change in sea levels has now submerged any evidence. In Western Cuba, hunter-gatherer groups, such as the early Ciboneys, maintained this pre-ceramic life style well into the Fifteenth century and after. Cuba First Pottery Pottery first appeared on Cuba around AD 800. In this period, Cuban cultures experienced an intense interaction with people from other Caribbean Islands, especially from Haiti and the Dominican Republic. For this reason, some archaeologists suggest that the introduction of pottery was due to groups of migrants from these islands. Others, instead, opt for a local innovation. The site of Arroyo del Palo, a small site in eastern Cuba, contains one of the earliest pottery examples in association with stone artifacts typical of the previous Archaic phase. Taino Culture in Cuba Taà ­no groups seem to have arrived at Cuba around AD 300, importing a farming life style. Most of the Taino settlements in Cuba were located in the easternmost region of the island. Sites such as La Campana, El Mango and Pueblo Viejo were large villages with large plazas and the typical Taà ­nos enclosed areas. Other important sites include the burial area of Chorro de Maà ­ta, and Los Buchillones, a well-preserved pile dwelling site on the north coast of Cuba. Cuba was among the first of the Caribbean Islands to be visited by the Europeans, during the first of Columbus voyages in 1492. It was conquered by the Spanish conquistador Diego de Velasquez in 1511. Archaeological Sites in Cuba Levisa rock shelterCueva FuncheSeborucoLos BuchillonesMonte CristoCayo RedondoArroyo del PaloBig Wall SitePueblo ViejoLa CampanaEl MangoChorro de Maà ­ta. Sources This glossary entry is a part of the About.com guide to Caribbean, and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Saunders Nicholas J., 2005, The Peoples of the Caribbean. An Encyclopedia of Archaeology and Traditional Culture. ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara, California. Wilson, Samuel, 2007, The Archaeology of the Caribbean, Cambridge World Archaeology Series. Cambridge University Press, New York

Write an Account of Life, political Career and Achievements essays

Write an Account of Life, political Career and Achievements essays Many people associate the 1920's in Russia as a preparation for Stalin, and the period of time after 1953 as a long recovery from his dictatorship. People who were anti-revolution pointed to the horror and fatality under Stalin as justification for their position on the issue of the revolution. On the other hand, pro-revolutionaries point to the fact that he was ultimately victorious in his efforts. In the following I will cover Stalin's life, and Russia under his rule. I will explain his run-ins with the law, his rise to power, what he did with his power, and his evil plan for a hold on to power (which involved killing those people who threatened him or were in his way.) Stalin was born in 1879 in Gori, Georgia. His parents were both Georgian peasants. Although neither of them spoke Russian, Stalin was forced to learn it because it was the language of instruction at the Gori church school that he attended in 1888-94. He was the best pupil in the school and earned a full scholarship to the Tbilise Theological Seminary. He began attending the seminary in 1894, but in 1899 he quit the seminary to become a full-time revolutionary. While he studied the priesthood, Stalin read forbidden literature, including Karl Marx's 'Das Kapital', and soon converted to a new orthodoxy: Russian Marxism. In Stalin's early years he was continually in trouble with the local authorities. During this period he took on the nickname Korba, a famous Georgian outlaw. Korba escaped prison several times; at his last escape he fled to St. Petersberg, where he became a member of the editorial staff of the Pravda in 1912. Within a year, Stalin was arrested again and exiled to Siberia. He was released from exile by general amnesty after the February Revolution in 1917, and went back to the editorial staff of the Pravda in Petrograd. At age 34, he took on the name of Stalin, meaning "man of steel". Stalin converted this organizational base into a source of politica...

Critically Evaluate the Balance Between Industrial, Technological and Essay

Critically Evaluate the Balance Between Industrial, Technological and Societal Shifts Which Have Reshaped the Newspaper Industry - Essay Example that golden era, there would be fewer issues that humanity would have faced and a rat race of getting ahead of one another would have subsided, promptly (Couldry, 2010). Newspapers have to be loved like these used to be in the past. If any semblance of sanity has to be revoked again as far as the newspaper industry is concerned, all out efforts within the related ranks are much required. The glory of the past must be brought back to have a culture which is quickly fading away, for all the wrong reasons. Moving ahead with the debate, the role of the newspapers within the past comprised of just about everything that surrounded humanity and its varied manifestations. This has not changed much with the progression that has thus been made all the way through. Yet somehow or the other, the needs have changed of the people. This has called for bringing in sections which were unheard of in the past and which merit attention in this day and age. By this, what one means is the fact that the ne wspapers of present times are more or less inclusive of sections for technology, children, women, the different professionals like doctors, lawyers, pilots and so on. Also there are sections for varied events and reviews on movies, music albums, sports matches and many more. The sections have advanced with the passage of time yet the overall meaning that is conveyed within these sections has remained more or less the same. This calls for an interesting read, more so because separate sections have largely segmented the population so that they can subscribe individually to a single brand of newspaper. However, since the teenagers do not quite appreciate the possession of a newspaper within their folds, this discussion seems to be a lost cause (Keeble, 2005). A lot has been written and said... This paper approves that the newspaper industry is going down merely due to the fact that people have stopped giving it the attention. The young ones do not have an idea as to how to find time to interact and communicate with one another while the seniors are adapting the technological means in order to grow and develop. The community elders should decide for their own selves whether they would like the younger generation to move on towards newer technological front or should they stick to reading newspapers. They have to be the most significant individuals within such a debate because they have experienced how newspapers have been given the respect in the past and how the trends are changing with the passage of time these days. This essay makes a conclusion that it would be correct to state that newspapers must be given the room to exploit the conditions around them and not be seen as a thing of the past. This is because they have no parallels as far as technological tools are concerned. The luxury that these newspapers bring cannot be compared with any other tool or activity that is employed by the people. Also the role of the elders within any society of the world is a quintessential one because they have to get their point across as to what can be compromised upon and what simply cannot be accepted as a changing trend or the need of the time. These elders must adapt to the technological angles yet they should never give up on the physical copy because it used to be their favorite hobby in the past and the same should continue in the coming days as well. If they give up on newspapers, there is little that the industry can do to sustain its own self in the future.

Internship paper in Tadwul stcks exchamge market Research

Internship in Tadwul stcks exchamge market - Research Paper Example hat life is really like within the stock exchange, and the possible career options that are available should one choose to continue on their current path. Typically, students are paired with other working professionals within the organisation that help mentor and guide, as well as teach some of the inner-workings of the exchange itself. It is certainly designed to be an enriching part of the student career, and one which serves to further encapsulate the theoretical knowledge that has already been covered in a classroom setting. Currently, the Tadawul Stock Exchange is the only stock exchange operating in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The Capital Market Authority of the country is responsibility for supervising all trading and investment activities associated with the Stock Exchange itself. The highest points achieved by the Tadawul All-Share Index was 20,634.86 reached back in February in 2006. As of the current moment, the Tadawul exchange publicly trades 156 companies from 11am to 3:30pm according the Islamic work week of Sunday to Thursday. The public trading of companies on the Saudi Stock Exchange actually began in the early 1980s, but Tadawul officially began trading on January 26, 1994 and has grown at a fairly steady rate during that entire time. The exchange itself was previously regulated by a Committee of Ministers within the country that was made up of the Ministry of Finance and National Economy, the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, and the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency (SAMA). The Saudi Arab ian Monetary Agency was actually the group within the government that was tasked with the responsibility of regulating and monitoring various market activities associated with the public trading of companies until the actual CMA was formally created and implemented back in July 2003 (Almahmoud 2014). This was made possible under the prevailing Capital Market Law at that time, and it was also during this period that the CMA officially became the

Listening guide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Listening guide - Essay Example In other words, Mozart applies instrumental alterations. The second theme is followed by a short cadence, which brings the listener back to the repetition of the entire exposition. At the very beginning, the first theme changes its key; the modulation growth into the contrapuntal treatment of the theme by the whole orchestra. In the following phrases, the modulation takes place as well and is accompanied but the breaking up of the main theme into small portions, or fragmentation. Fragmentation ends up the transition passage performed forte by the full orchestra; the retransition leads to the recapitulation. In the recapitulation part, the first theme is performed in G minor piano, as in exposition but with the differences in the orchestration as the party of the bassoon becomes more prominent. The second theme (originally performed in major key) is now played in the tonic key of the piece, which is G minor. It results in the change of the mood of the movement. In addition to this, recapitulation is more stable compared to exposition due to the fact both themes are played in the minor key as well as the bridge theme. The piece under analysis ends up with a short coda comprised imitative passage performed by the strings, piano and then followed by repeated cadences played forte. Like in all the parts of the movement, cadence theme is followed by an abrupt stop. This time, however, the stop is followed by three chords which end the

Categories of drivers Essay Example for Free

Categories of drivers Essay Since the start of road transportation, there have been drivers of the varied kind. The modes of transportation changed from horses or horse driven carts to cars but these set of drivers have always remained since then. Drivers of automobiles can be categorized into three categories teenage drivers, old drivers which mainly comprises of senior citizens and drunk or substance abusive drivers. The safety on the road of a person is basically depended on the kind of driving one does. A person’s skill to drive depends upon a certain set of factors due which he gets categorized. Teenage drivers who use automobiles are mostly adrenalin driven and have a habit of being impatient on roads. Teenagers with attitude problems can indulge in major road mishaps and can cause severe damage to themselves along with the innocent car drivers on the road. A teenager cultivates his driving skills by looking at his parents or guardians and later on the pressure of his per group plays a massive factor in driving. It has been estimated about sixty five percent of passengers have had fatal injuries due to the reckless driving of an immature teenager. The habit of risk taking or trying to create impressions on their peer groups more often than not result in deadly crashes. If apart from impulsive behavior, a teenager also does any kind of alcoholic or drug abuse, then the combination of impulsive behavior with substance abuse not only makes them dangerous on the road, but also they risk of having the worst kind of crashes possible on road. As we age our reflexes and our ability to make life saving maneuvers also go down. This is a problem with all the old aged drivers in the world. These old drivers in their experience have a perfect mentality to drive safe, but because of ageing lots of occurrences physically take place like loss of good vision, or their loss of their ability for quick response time. These drivers won’t commit mistakes on purpose and would have a thinking of driving at lower speeds with an intention of attaining maximum safety. How much ever these drivers have good intentions, any physical bustle can cause them to crash anytime which sometimes makes a risky commodity on the road. The worst kind of a driver however is a driver who abuses alcohol or any substance and then drives a set of wheels. These are the kind of drivers who irrespective of their age which can comprise from being a teenager to being a senior citizen have the ability to kill and get killed depending on the amount of alcohol or drug they have consumed. These drivers knowing that they are not in right condition risk everyone’s life around and are equivalent of a deadly weapon on the road, as it become highly unpredictable about when they would crash and cost someone their lives. The following evidence will show the risk taken by these drivers and the amount of crashes that can take place because of their carelessness: ‘Nearly half a million people are injured in alcohol-related crashes each year. More than 15,786 of them die. Thats one death every 33 minutes. In 2000 in Kansas, 2,469 people were injured in alcohol-related crashes. Thats more than six persons injured each day’ (Courtesy: Kansas Department of Transportation, â€Å"Types of drivers†. Retrieved on November 24, 2008 from http://www. ksdot. org/burTrafficSaf/sns/Presentation/types. asp) It can only be understood that a safe and a good driver should always maintain patience while driving, as a small move from any of the three categories discussed above can cause them their lives for no fault of their own. Reference: 1) Kansas Department of Transportation, â€Å"Types of drivers†. http://www. ksdot. org/burTrafficSaf/sns/Presentation/types. asp